Critique of judicial Sentences is valuable because it affects the thinking and interpretation of other judges and jurists on similar issues and will also enrich the scientific opinions. This case is a branch of the criminal case known as the embezzlement of three trillion, which is both innovative in form and very important in substance. The main focus of this study is the effect of fraud and illegality in basic relationships on documentary credit. In this case, the court explained the principle of the independence of documentary credit and explicitly accepted, in addition to the exception of fraud, for the first time in Iranian judicial practice, another exception called illegality. The Honorable Judge has also, in good faith, granted immunity to third parties against these exceptions and has supported them, in that the position of the Iranian legal system is on a par with that of the United States legal system.
بناء نیاسری، ماشاءلله، حقوق اعتبارات اسنادی، ج2، انتشارات شهردانش، تهران، 1395.
جعفری لنگرودی، محمدجعفر، مجموعه محشای قانون مدنی، انتشارات گنج دانش، چاپ سوم، تهران، 1382.
شهیدی، مهدی، حقوق مدنی (تشکیل قراردادها و تعهدات)، انتشارات مجد، تهران، 1377.
کاتوزیان، ناصر، حقوق مدنی (قواعد عمومی قراردادها)، ج1، شرکت سهامی انتشار باهمکاری بهمن برنا، چاپ هفتم، تهران، 1385.
موسوی خمینی، روحالله، تحریرالوسیله، المجلد 1 و 2، مؤسسه مطبوعاتی دار العلم، چاپ دوم، قم، بیتا.
ب. مقالهها
ابدالی، مهرزاد، «بررسی قراردادهای نامشروع (مغایر نظم عمومی) در حقوق فرانسه، انگلیس و ایران»، فصلنامة علمی ـ پژوهشی علوم انسانی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، شماره 37، 1383.
شهبازینیا، مرتضی و گروئی، فرشته، «تأثیر تقلب در معاملۀ پایه بر اعتبار اسنادی باتأکید بر رویکرد محاکم حقوقی ایران در پروندۀ سوء استفاده کلان بانکی (معروف به اختلاس سه هزار میلیاردی)»، مجله حقوق خصوصی، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، دوره پانزدهم، شماره اول، بهار و تابستان 1397.
ج. پایاننامه
ایوبی، زهرا، تقلب در معاملات اسنادی، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 1390.
د. منابع لاتین
Alavi, Hamed, “Illegality as an Exception to Principle of Autonomy in Documentary Letters of Credit; a comparative Approach”, Korea University Law Review, Vol. 20, Issue 3, 2016.
Amaefule, Chumah, The exceptions to the principle of autonomy of documentary credits, D thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011.
Enonchong, Nelson, The Autonomy Principle of Letter of Credit: An Illegality Exception, LMCLQ, 2006.
Liao, Zhixiong, The illegality exception” reconsidered, For the Conference on International Trade and Business Law, Airlangga University and University of Waikato, 2015.
Low, Hang Ye, Grounds for withholding payment in documentary credits,D thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010.
Lu, Lu, Tthe Exceptions in Documentary Credits in English Law, D thesis, University of Plymout, 2011.
Brindle, Michael & Raymond Cox and others, Law of the bank payments,Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2004.
Ruiqiao, Zhang, A Comparative Study of the Fraud Exception Rule of Letters of Credit: Proposed Amendments to the Chinese Credit System, A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Faculty of Law, 2009.
Gao, Xiang, “The Fraud Rule under the UN Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit: A Significant Contribution from an International Perspective”, Mason J. Int’l Comm. L, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp .48-73.
Goroui,F. (2020). Exceptions to the Principle of Autonomy of Letter of Credit (Critique of Verdict No. 9609970227400371 Issued by Fourteenth Branch of the Tehran Civil Court). Judgment, 20(101), 21-42.
MLA
Goroui,F. . "Exceptions to the Principle of Autonomy of Letter of Credit (Critique of Verdict No. 9609970227400371 Issued by Fourteenth Branch of the Tehran Civil Court)", Judgment, 20, 101, 2020, 21-42.
HARVARD
Goroui F. (2020). 'Exceptions to the Principle of Autonomy of Letter of Credit (Critique of Verdict No. 9609970227400371 Issued by Fourteenth Branch of the Tehran Civil Court)', Judgment, 20(101), pp. 21-42.
CHICAGO
F. Goroui, "Exceptions to the Principle of Autonomy of Letter of Credit (Critique of Verdict No. 9609970227400371 Issued by Fourteenth Branch of the Tehran Civil Court)," Judgment, 20 101 (2020): 21-42,
VANCOUVER
Goroui F. Exceptions to the Principle of Autonomy of Letter of Credit (Critique of Verdict No. 9609970227400371 Issued by Fourteenth Branch of the Tehran Civil Court). Judgment, 2020; 20(101): 21-42.
