1
Assistant Professor at University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services
2
Assistant Professor of Law at Islamic Azad University of Qom Unit
3
MA in Documents and Commercial Contracts Law at University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services
4
MA in Private Law at Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd Unit
Abstract
The General Legal Department of the Judiciary has been asked about the number and differences of witnesses in hearsay evidence as well as their gender. In the advisory theory No. 1750/93/7 - 20/10/2014, the proposed answer has created the suspicion that the witnesses are different and the replacement of the mediating witness regarding their number.The answers to the questions mentioned in jurisprudence are discussed by jurists who have tried to provide answers by analyzing the nature of hearsay. Due to the lack of an explicit legal text in this regard and the ambiguity of the legislative language in Articles 188 and Note 1, 189 and 199 of the Islamic Penal Code and Article 231 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the task of seeking the true purpose of the legislator following Article 167 of the Law There is a basic.By analyzing the descriptions mentioned in Islamic jurisprudence, the hesitation of the jurists' words and the disobedience of the work to the basis became more apparent. Therefore, considering the reputation of thework mentioned in jurisprudence about the need for two people to hearsay, it is believed that a method should be chosen so that it can be consistent with the work.Therefore, among the mentioned principles, the positive nature of hearsay evidence leads us to the goal.
حیاتی، علیعباس، آیین دادرسی مدنی در نظم حقوقی کنونی، نشر میزان، چاپ دوم، تهران، 1390.
شمس، عبدالله، آیین دادرسی مدنی، ج1، نشر دراک، تهران، 1387.
کاتوزیان، ناصر، اثبات و دلیل اثبات، ج3، نشر میزان، چاپ پنجم، تهران، 1388.
ب. مقالهها
حسنزاده، مهدی، «اثر تعذر حضور شاهد در ادای شهادت»، حقوق اسلامی، شماره35، 1391.
میرداداشی کاری، سید مهدی؛ عسگری، علیرضا و کشاورز، علی، «اقسام شهادت بر شهادت، رهیافتی بر ضوابط صحیح تحمل و ادای آن در نظام حقوقی ایران بارویکردی بر فقه امامیه»، مطالعات حقوقی معاصر، شماره 21، 1399.
پ. پایاننامه
کشاورز، علی، شهادت بر شهادت در نظام حقوقی ایران با تطبیقی بر فقه اهل سنت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات قم، 1396.
ت. منابع فقهی و عربی
ابننجیمالمصری،زینالدین،البحرالرائق، ج7 و 18،دار الکتب الإسلامی، بیروت،بیتا.
اردبیلى، احمد، مجمع الفائدة و البرهان، ج12، انتشارات اسلامى، چاپ اول، قم، 1403ق.
أصبحیالمدنی، مالکبنأنس،المدونةالکبرى،ج12،موقعالإسلام، چاپ اول، بیروت،بیتا.
Esmailtabar,A. , Mirdadashi,S. M. , Keshavarz,A. and Aramoon,M. (2020). Answering the Number and Gender of Witnesses in Hearsay Evidence Through the Analysis of Nature. Judgment, 20(102), 39-62.
MLA
Esmailtabar,A. , , Mirdadashi,S. M. , , Keshavarz,A. , and Aramoon,M. . "Answering the Number and Gender of Witnesses in Hearsay Evidence Through the Analysis of Nature", Judgment, 20, 102, 2020, 39-62.
HARVARD
Esmailtabar A., Mirdadashi S. M., Keshavarz A., Aramoon M. (2020). 'Answering the Number and Gender of Witnesses in Hearsay Evidence Through the Analysis of Nature', Judgment, 20(102), pp. 39-62.
CHICAGO
A. Esmailtabar, S. M. Mirdadashi, A. Keshavarz and M. Aramoon, "Answering the Number and Gender of Witnesses in Hearsay Evidence Through the Analysis of Nature," Judgment, 20 102 (2020): 39-62,
VANCOUVER
Esmailtabar A., Mirdadashi S. M., Keshavarz A., Aramoon M. Answering the Number and Gender of Witnesses in Hearsay Evidence Through the Analysis of Nature. Judgment, 2020; 20(102): 39-62.